When we buy a vehicle, we usually look at the parameters in the configuration table: maximum power, maximum power speed, maximum torque, maximum torque speed, in order to judge the strength of the power, accompanied by the popularity of turbo technology, The same intake of naturally aspirated engine power and torque have been improved, but why there are still many people with small displacement turbocharged engine power is weak, low speed torque output is weak, want to see this power output change It is necessary to mention the external characteristic curve of the engine. The external characteristic curve of the engine includes three parameters: speed, power and torque (some manufacturers may add fuel consumption). The external characteristic is the decisive factor determining the performance of the engine: determining the maximum speed performance and torque of the engine by power. Engine acceleration, load capacity, the physical relationship of the three is P = MN / 9550, where P is the power M is the torque N is the speed. The engine external characteristic curve is a curve of engine output power (torque) as a function of the rotational speed measured when the engine throttle opening is 100%. The characteristic of the curve is that both the power curve and the torque curve show a convex curve, but the performance is different. In the characteristic curve of gasoline engine: the power curve has a small value at a lower speed, but it increases rapidly with the increase of the speed. After the speed increases to a certain interval, the power growth speed becomes slower, and then decreases after the maximum value, although this The speed will continue to increase. The above picture shows the engine external characteristic diagram of Mazda Attz. The left vertical axis is the torque on the right. The vertical axis is the speed below the power. The maximum torque speed obtained at 3300rpm can be seen from the figure. The torque output is stable after 5000rpm. Starting to fall, the maximum power appears at around 6100 rpm. Its function is to understand the performance and characteristics of the engine through the engine external characteristic curve, understand the relationship between power, torque, fuel consumption and speed, and find the best working area of ​​the engine. According to the load, the gear position is changed and the best economic interval is selected. The power graph has a small value at a lower speed, but it increases rapidly as the speed increases. After the speed increases to a certain interval, the power growth rate slows down, and then decreases after the maximum value, although the speed will continue to increase. . The torque curve is the opposite of the power curve, which tends to get the maximum at lower speeds and then decreases as the speed increases. Above we talk about the external characteristics of the engine, but the external characteristics of the engine is the relationship between the speed, torque and power at 100% throttle opening. The floor oil is rarely used in daily driving, and the power output cannot be accurately measured. Strictly speaking, wheel-side power is the ultimate determinant of vehicle power, from the engine to the wheel, through the entire transmission system. Correspondingly, the efficiency and transmission ratio of conventional systems will determine the transmission of engine energy. Here, let's talk about the overall transmission ratio and transmission efficiency. Let's talk about the engine's power output logic—that is, engine calibration. The same speed and different load (different throttle) corresponding power torque - engine universal characteristics (including fuel consumption), daily driving can be intuitively felt. The extra-engine characteristic is a measure of the maximum performance that the engine can achieve. It is the basis for the entire power performance. As for the performance of this performance, it is determined by calibration. This is the root cause of the same engine with high and low power versions. Mainly through the adjustment of the ignition advance angle, injection timing (including injection timing, fuel injection) to achieve power, emissions, economy, and even NVH performance uniformity, compromise. At the same time, it is determined that the power, torque and fuel consumption under different loads of the same speed form the engine characteristic map. The engine universal characteristic curve, also called MAP map; wherein the average effective pressure refers to the effective work done in the unit cylinder volume, which is used to measure the engine's functional force. The ordinate has two parts. The left ordinate indicates torque, the right ordinate indicates cylinder pressure, and the abscissa indicates rotation speed. The solid line indicates the fuel consumption rate in g/kw; the dotted line indicates power. The value of each solid line and the dotted line is the same, so it is also called the equal fuel consumption curve and the equal power curve. Using this picture, you can find the power output of different loads at the same speed, and the partial load characteristics can also be found. Each speed has a maximum power output point, and corresponds to a maximum torque. The power and torque at this time is the power of the "floor oil" - the external characteristic output. At the same time, when the partial load characteristics are also seen, the output power torque is basically linearly distributed, which can be understood as such - the output characteristics of the external characteristics determine the output characteristics of the partial load. Therefore, the external characteristics can accurately measure the engine power. The universal characteristic curve determines the most economical working area of ​​the engine. For this engine on this map, the most economical area is the illustrated yellow circle position. The fuel consumption is the lowest, the speed is concentrated at 2800-3200 rpm, the corresponding power is distributed at 25-32kw, and the torque is 81-102N. Within the m interval. The characteristics of each engine are different, and the economic range is different. It is impossible to generalize what the speed range is low. For example, the best economical range of this gasoline engine is the range of 1800-4100, the corresponding power covers 17-46kw, torque 86-120 range. In terms of economy, it is hoped that this fuel consumption rate curve will cover a larger speed range, and the power torque output range will be as large as possible, so that it can cover more working conditions.
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