Working principle of ultrasonic moving object detection device SPKR1 and SPKR2 in the picture are piezoelectric tweeters, used to send and receive ultrasonic waves. The core of the circuit is a 567 phase-locked loop integrated circuit, which fulfills the dual functions of sending and receiving. The fifth wave is square wave output. Its frequency is adjusted by R12. After it is sent to Q1, its emitter is coupled to the power amplifier part composed of Q2 and Q6. Finally, SPKR1 is pushed out to send out ultrasonic waves. The reception of ultrasonic waves is completed by another speaker SPKR2, which is sent to the third pin after being amplified by two stages of high gain of Q3 and Q4. As long as the frequency of the received signal is within the bandwidth of 567, LED1 can emit light.
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The frequency-modulated output pin of 567 is the second pin. The signal is sent to the base of the ultra-low frequency single-transistor amplifier stage Q5 through the capacitor C9. The amplified collector is sent to the voltage doubler rectifier circuit Cll, D2, D1, C12 through the resistor R9 And R13, M1, make the FM signal into an analog voltage and read on M1, M1 is 0-lmA analog meter.
When working, the sending part and the receiving part are carried out at the same time, and SPKR1 and SPKR2 are aimed at the detection target in the same direction, with a distance of about 0.3 meters from each other. If the target does not move, the received ultrasound frequency is the same as the transmitted frequency, the FM output is zero, and M1 has no reading. If the target moves, the receiving frequency is higher or lower than the sending frequency according to the Doppler effect, and the FM output is no longer zero. The faster the movement, the greater the reading. If the voltage doubler rectifier circuit is connected to headphones, the direction of movement can be identified according to the sound level.
