How to create a lighting environment for the museum?

Basic requirements for museum lighting
With the continuous upgrading of the LED light source industry, lighting has been greatly affected in various application fields, and museum lighting has also received more and more attention.
In museum lighting, different exhibits have different requirements for illumination uniformity, glare, color temperature, color rendering, and illumination. It is necessary to use general lighting to achieve uniform illumination of the entire scene; it is also necessary to use local lighting to highlight the exhibits and create different visual effects so that the audience can better appreciate the exhibits.
At the same time, it is necessary to provide a good visual environment to the audience, and to minimize the damage of the optical radiation to the collection, and to meet the requirements of safety, reliability, economy, advanced technology, energy conservation and convenient maintenance.
1 museum lighting
LED products are the right choice for museum lighting
We know that when the exhibits receive light, they will receive both heat and ultraviolet radiation, and long-term radiation will cause damage to the exhibits. In addition, it is necessary to control the illuminance, especially for items with high light sensitivity, requiring low illumination or controlling exposure time.
Due to the low energy consumption of LED lighting and the extremely low UV and infrared components, it can meet the functional requirements of museum lighting, that is, to correctly express the shape, color and texture of the exhibits through illumination, while controlling glare, shadows, etc., to prevent the exhibits from being heated. Damage from radiation and ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, the dimming function of the LED makes the control of the illuminance relatively easy.
Therefore, LED products are a very suitable choice for museum lighting.
In addition, the spectrally tunable nature of the LED source enhances the aesthetics and atmosphere of the display.
2 traditional illumination
Limitations of traditional illumination-color temperature curves
The internationally renowned scholar Kruithof proposed a combination of color temperature and illuminance required for pleasant lighting, namely the combination of illumination and color temperature in the unshaded part of the figure.
3 color temperature curve
Figure: Kruithof's illuminance - color temperature curve
However, its research uses traditional light sources such as incandescent lamps, sunlight incident on windows, and fluorescent lamps. As can be seen from the figure, the combination of high illumination high color temperature and low illumination low color temperature is more pleasant.
Since the maximum illumination of museum lighting is limited by the maximum illumination of 200 lx specified by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination), this conclusion is difficult to apply directly to museum lighting.
Illumination-color temperature curve in museum lighting
LED applied to museum lighting research:
Recently, relevant experts of the Color Engineering Center of Zhejiang University in order to obtain a comfortable illumination and color temperature combination in the museum lighting, let a number of observers visually evaluate the selected six artworks under different color temperature and illumination combinations.
4LED applied to museum lighting research
The evaluation used 14 sets of indicators:
1, high contrast - low contrast
2, warm - cold
3, bright - dim
4, clear - fuzzy
5, bright - monotonous
6, natural - unnatural
7, high quality - low quality
8, positive - negative
9, relaxed - nervous
10, soft - hard
11, literary atmosphere - commercial
12, vivid - boring
13, comfortable - uncomfortable
14, pleasant - unpleasant
The illumination source used for the test uses a THOUSLITE LEDCube with a multi-channel LED that regulates the output of any color temperature and illumination.
The four color temperatures used in the experiment were 2850K, 4000K, 5000K and 6500K, respectively. The three illuminations used were 50 lux, 200 lux and 800 lux.
The minimum and maximum color temperatures correspond to the CIE standard illuminator A and the standard illuminant D65, respectively, and the lowest and highest illuminances respectively correspond to the prescribed range of the museum exhibition defined by the CIE. All illumination sources have a high color rendering index.
5LED lighting fixture
Figure: Lighting fixture with multi-channel LED THOUSLITE LEDCube
The results show that as the color temperature becomes higher, the observer will produce a colder perception; the increase in illumination will make the environment brighter; the effect of illumination on museum lighting is greater than the effect of color temperature on it. When the medium illumination of about 200 lux and the low color temperature illumination of about 3500 K, the observers will have a positive perception of most of the evaluation indicators in the study. In general, the color temperature changes in the range of 2850K-4000K and the illumination changes in the range of 200lux -800lux can create a comfortable and pleasant LED lighting environment in the museum.
Comfort, vividness and clarity
In addition, during the museum visit, the comfort, vividness and definition of the lighting in the hall are especially important for the observer's visual perception.
6 illuminance
As shown in the above figure, increasing the illuminance can increase comfort, flexibility and clarity. Lowering the illumination can increase the artistry of the exhibition; increasing the color temperature will increase the clarity and enhance the artistry, and lowering the color temperature will enhance the comfort and flexibility. .
Due to the different lighting requirements of different exhibits, it can be flexibly customized according to the above rules.

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