Where did the electricity come from? What is solar power?

Hello, everyone. I'm Xiaoma. When high technology goes deep into our lives, everything depends on electricity. The application of electricity is extremely extensive. Electric energy is widely used in various fields such as power, lighting, metallurgy, chemistry, textiles, communications, and broadcasting. It is the main driving force for the development of science and technology and the leap of the national economy. When electricity has not yet entered our lives, we rely on kerosene lamps, candles and other means of lighting. Production is still a low-efficiency labor. It is the use of electricity that enters our lives, brings convenience to our lives, enriches our lives, brings about human progress, and accelerates the development of society.

At present, there are roughly two types of electrical energy conversion in the world: magnetic power generation and solar power generation. What is magnetic electricity? A closed conductor that produces a current by cutting a magnetic field in a magnetic field. This is a British scientist Faraday discovered. In the figure below, an impeller is added at D, and the impeller keeps rotating. The conductor continuously cuts the magnetic field lines in the magnetic field to generate induced current.

What is solar power? One important thing is called a solar module. This is a semiconductor made of silicon. Sunlight shines on it and absorbs the opposite charges on both ends of the battery. An average solar module can produce 0.5 volts of direct current, and ten solar modules can produce about 4 volts of direct current. Since the power generated by this method is direct current, it must be converted to alternating current through an inverter before it can be put into use.

Photovoltaic power generation is safe, highly reliable, and has a long life (crystal silicon battery life can be as long as 20-35 years). Energy is inexhaustible. Home photovoltaic power generation can not only be used by itself, but endless power can be sold to the power grid. However, the construction is limited by the environment, and the paved area is large, and the conversion rate is not high. The state vigorously supports the construction of home photovoltaic power generation.

Here's a look at some of the other types of power generation (all magnetic)

Use the potential energy of water to generate electricity

Conventional hydropower stations stop the water as reservoirs or intercept rivers to form dams. The drop in concentration water flow (kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy) forms a water head and then regulates the flow of the water flow. It then impacts the turbine and drives the generator to concentrate the water energy. It is converted into electrical energy, which is fed into the grid via transformers, switchyards and transmission lines. The completion of the hydropower station has affected the ecology in the vicinity of the reservoir area. The embankment around the reservoir area has been eroded, causing water and soil erosion. The dam was built during the flood season, and the downstream people did not need to enclose the embankment dam. Both have advantages and disadvantages!

Pumped storage power station

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As the name suggests, it is to pump water from a low reservoir to a high place and generate electricity again. Why do you want to do this? In the evening, when the electricity consumption is reduced, many power stations generate enough electricity. At this time, excess electricity is used to pump the water from the reservoir to the upstream reservoir and save water as potential energy. In the daytime, it continues to generate electricity to recycle and convert water from potential energy into electricity. The emergence of pumped-storage hydropower stations solved the problem of unbalanced peaks and valleys in electricity usage, thus playing the role of “peak-shaping and valley-filling”. It is the object of vigorous development of various countries.

Tidal power

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Because of the moon, the tidal force of the sun, and the effect of the earth's rotation, something called "tide" is created. Build dams, gates, and reservoirs around the bay or tidal estuaries. At high tide, seawater is saved by potential energy, and when the tide is low, the seawater is discharged in the form of potential energy to impact the turbine and drive the generator to generate electricity.

The principle of Chaoshan Hydropower Station is the same as that of a conventional hydropower station and all require a certain gap. Some of the Chaozhou hydropower stations use single-pants for unidirectional power generation, that is, they generate electricity at high tide or at low tide. There is also a two-way electricity generation from a single warehouse, which can generate electricity at high tides and low tides. When the water level difference between the reservoir and the reservoir is the same, it will not work. Tidal power is a clean renewable energy source that does not affect the ecological balance. Get strong support from government departments.

Use the internal energy of water to generate electricity

When the water is heated, the water absorbs heat, so that the temperature increases, the internal energy increases, the thermal motion of the water molecules becomes intense, and the internal energy of the water becomes the maximum when the water becomes water vapor, thereby promoting the turbine to generate electricity.

Thermal power station/geothermal power generation

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Thermal power plants are actually burning boilers. When water is boiled at home, water vapor is generated. Water vapor drives the generator connected to the steam turbine to generate electricity. The fuel used for thermal power stations is coal, natural gas, and the like, and there is the use of industrial waste as fuel and waste.

Geothermal energy is the heat energy generated by the decay of radioactive substances such as uranium, potassium, and thorium inside the earth. Mainly in the hot springs, boiling springs, hot water and so on. Using these to generate electricity, geothermal resources are inexhaustible. They are clean and renewable energy sources. The geothermal resources in Tibet account for 80% of the country's total. The famous Yangbajing geothermal field is the largest wet steam field in China. The construction of thermal power plants does not require much demand for the environment, and construction in some remote areas has provided great help to the local power supply.

nuclear power plant

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The raw material of the nuclear power plant is uranium. Uranium is fissioned in a large "boiler", that is, a reactor, and generates a large amount of heat. The pump sends the coolant to this large "boiler". The coolant is heated and sent to the steam generator. The steam generator generates steam from the hot water. The coolant then continues to be pumped into the boiler. This is called a loop. There is a second circuit for the first loop. The steam generator in the first loop drives the turbine after generating steam, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electricity.

This is the second circuit. So there are no three circuits? Certainly, the steam in the secondary loop is sent to the condenser for cooling after passing through the turbine. At this time, it is cooled by seawater, condensed into water, and then sent to the steam generator in the primary loop to continue steam generation. At the same time, it also brings waste heat from power stations. The power generation capacity of nuclear power stations is difficult to adjust, so where does the excess power go? This excess power was sent to pumping livestock power stations. Therefore, pumped-storage hydropower stations are nuclear power station “twins” brothers. Nuclear power plants have little pollution to the environment. If a nuclear leak occurs, it will cause devastating damage to the surrounding areas.

Wind power

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Wind power is mainly composed of three parts: fan blade, chassis, and metal frame. Winds move the blades and increase the speed through the accelerator to increase power generation efficiency. Wind power generation is a kind of clean and renewable energy utilization mode with the greatest potential for development. When the wind meets obstacles, it will consume its energy. The construction of wind turbines are all on flat plains or at sea. In some European countries, offshore wind turbines are extremely popular. The famous “London array” is an offshore wind power generation. project.

Electricity is an indispensable energy in our modern life. When a city loses power, the economic losses caused are inestimable. The electricity we use now mainly depends on thermal power generation. Thermal power generation is mainly coal-fired power generation, and coal is burned. The pollution brought by the air has affected the health of the local residents. The burning of coal has accelerated the development of the greenhouse effect and caused irreparable damage to the surrounding ecological development. Some clean energy generation efficiency is not high, so save electricity and save water from me.