Summary of classification and use of civil drones

The human-driven aircraft is referred to as the "UAV", abbreviated as "UAV". It is a non-manned aircraft operated by radio remote control equipment and its own program control device. From the technical point of view, it can be divided into: unmanned helicopters, unmanned fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned multi-rotor aircraft, unmanned airships, unmanned paraplanes, and so on. UAVs can be divided into military and civilian applications according to the application field. In military terms, drones are divided into reconnaissance planes and drones.

The current mainstream drones have fixed wings, helicopters, and multiple rotors.

1, fixed wing

The fixed-wing is a relatively mainstream non-mainstream drone, which is relatively mature, and there are many domestic fixed-wing flight control. However, there are not many general applications, because there are many restrictions on landing and landing, and it is not possible to hover. In the cruising conditions, the speed is too fast and the altitude is too high, which is largely unable to meet the conditions of use. And the rate of landing crash is relatively high. Whether it is an umbrella drop, hitting the net or slipping down is dangerous. Moreover, the collision net and the parachute are equivalent to "light crash", which has an irreversible negative impact on the life of the aircraft. For example, a military surveillance fixed-wing UAV has a life span of only a few dozens. The life of civilian fixed wings is less optimistic. However, the flight process is very safe, and it is a flight platform that is self-stabilizing (the airflow of the flight will make it more stable). The distance is long and the range is large. A wide range of map mapping is very advantageous and is also common in military attack drones.

Helicopters are also traditional unmanned helicopter platforms and are the most widely used. There is a lot to do in this country, but there are not many reliable ones. Since domestic aircraft platforms and flight control algorithms have more or less problems, high-reliability helicopters and helicopter flight control generally need to be imported. Domestic unmanned helicopters are mixed, some are very reliable, with mature and reliable flight control, such as AX100 or MP2128, plus genuine helicopters, the reliability is almost foolproof; some manufacturers copy foreign products, coupled with aircraft model-level flight control Although the parameters are beautiful, the actual flight accident rate is horrifying. The advantage of the unmanned helicopter is that it is convenient to take off and land, the speed is moderate, and it can be hovered at any time, and the load life can be satisfactory. If the flight control performance is reliable enough, even a survey flight with a radius of more than 20 kilometers can be carried out. After the infrared night vision device is added, the underground oil pipeline and the vehicle's whereabouts can be clearly seen at night. And as a plant protection drone, the airflow from the helicopter's rotor can blow the drug to the back of the plant. The effect is unique and good.

This is a new type of non-mainstream aircraft, but it has become more and more mainstream and has a variety of applications. The advantages are obvious: the takeoff and landing are as convenient as a helicopter, the technology is simple, the cost is low, the operation is simple, and the flight vibration is very small. And you can do some creative applications that are more versatile, and you can put the gimbal and camera on top of your head to check the bottom of the bridge. Longtan River, Tieluoping, Qingjiang, Siduhe and other large-scale bridges have not been tested in the past, but this year's eight-rotor drones flew up to see those dead corners, and found several hidden dangers that were scared to think of. . But the shortcomings are equally obvious, because the multi-rotor structure itself is relatively inefficient, and the power source can only be a battery. Limited by the energy density, even if the battery is not installed, the battery life is only barely exceeded for 1 hour;

Moreover, the structure of the multi-rotor is like acrobatics in the sky, which can neither be self-stabilizing nor control the movement of the whole dimension. In a complex terrain with GPS signal shielding or wind shear, the crash rate is relatively high. At present, drones in the world that fall into politically sensitive areas are generally multi-rotor. In addition, the multi-rotor plant protection machine not only has unsatisfactory load, but also the turbulent flow underneath, and the effect of being used as a plant protection spray is not satisfactory.

Which specific drone platform is better? No good or bad, only suitable. Which is appropriate? Analyze specific issues.

1, police, fire, investigation, sea surveillance

2, plant protection

3, aerial entertainment (group photos, travel photos, graduation photos, etc.)

4, wired inspection line