What constitutes the processor _ processor basic knowledge

When we are shopping for computers and mobile phones, the sales staff will tell us the configuration of the computer and mobile phone, and the CPU will be mentioned. Friends will also pay attention to the CPU. So what exactly is the CPU?

The English full name of the CPU is Central Processing Unit, which translates into Chinese as the central processing unit. Cpu has four functions of processing instructions, executing operations, controlling time, and processing data. To put it in a metaphor, cpu is like our brain, helping us to complete a variety of physiological activities. So if there is no cpu, then the computer is a pile of waste and can't work.

The CPU fetches instructions from memory or cache, places them into instruction registers, and decodes the instructions. It breaks up the instructions into a series of micro-ops, then issues various control commands to execute the micro-operation series to complete the execution of an instruction. An instruction is a basic command that the computer specifies the type and operand to perform the operation. An instruction consists of one byte or more bytes, including an opcode field, one or more fields related to the operand address, and some status words and signatures that characterize the state of the machine. Some instructions also directly contain the operand itself.

Processor: Very large-scale integrated circuit, which is an integrated circuit in analog mode. The other thing is that it has to deal with machine code and make different processing according to the machine code. The more famous processor manufacturers are inter, AMD, IBM, and ARM~~ where inter is mainly on PC, and ARM is mainly on mobile phones.

Processor: Center Process Unit - 》 The central processing unit has a large-scale integrated circuit with arithmetic and controller functions.

The basic components of the processor include:

1. Arithmean (ALU, ArithmeTIc Logic Unit)

2. Cache

3. AData that connects ALU with Data

4. Control and Status Bus (Bus)

Processor architecture:

The processor architecture represents the arrangement and combination of various components. The processor is like the heart of a computer. It can't do anything other than computing something. The real thing that needs to be calculated is to rely on the outside. equipment. How to order the CPU and the external devices in an orderly way is what the processor architecture needs to do. The processor architecture has some specifications. If there is no specification, it will not be used by others. I don’t know how to use it. Now the mainstream processor architecture is divided into two categories: one is the intel series CPU, and the other is the AMD series CPU. The architecture is clear about how to use these CPU architectures.

The CPU includes arithmetic logic components, register components, control components, and the like.

Logical component

English Logic components; arithmetic logic components. You can perform fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logic operations, as well as address operations and conversions.

register

Register components, including registers, special registers, and control registers. General-purpose registers can be divided into points and floating-point numbers. They are used to store register operands and intermediate (or final) operation results that are temporarily stored during instruction execution. General purpose registers are one of the important components of a central processing unit.

Control unit

English Control unit; control component, mainly responsible for decoding the instructions, and issuing control signals for each operation to be performed for each instruction.

There are two kinds of structures: one is micro-program control with micro-memory as the core; the other is control mode based on logical hard-wiring structure.

The microcode is kept in micro memory. Each microcode corresponds to a basic micro-operation, also called microinstruction; each instruction is composed of different sequences of microcodes, and the microcode sequence constitutes a microprogram. After the central processor decodes the instructions, a certain timing control signal is issued, and a plurality of micro-operations determined by the micro-codes are executed in the order of the given sequence in micro-cycles to complete the execution of an instruction.

Simple instructions consist of (3 ~ 5) micro-operations, and complex instructions consist of dozens of micro-operations and even hundreds of micro-operations.