On August 10, 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Notice on Launching Pilot Work in Low Carbon Provinces and Low Carbon Cities.†As expected, Guangdong Province and Shenzhen City entered the first batch of national low carbon pilots. This also means that Guangdong Province and Shenzhen City, as pioneers of reform and opening up, will once again take up the task of exploring the road ahead and guiding China's low-carbon economy.
Developing a low-carbon economy is a hard task
After the Copenhagen conference, “low carbon†became a hot word all over the world. In China, the term “low-carbon economy†has also become popular in the north and south. It seems to be a freshly baked sweet and delicious big cake, which has led everyone to scramble. For a time, the concept of “low carbon†was frequent.
As a pioneering area of ​​reform and opening up, Guangdong is not far behind in developing a low-carbon economy. “Guangdong Province is in the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization. The process of industrial transformation and upgrading requires a process, and the total amount of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is large. This trend of high growth and high emissions is difficult to change in the short term, so Guangdong must plan as early as possible. The development of a low-carbon economy." Chen Xiaoyang, president of South China University of Agriculture, said.
At the Copenhagen conference, China's commitment to the world's environmental protection has also become the focus of attention: by 2020, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be 40% to 45% lower than in 2005; non-fossil energy accounts for 15% of primary energy consumption. About %; the forest area increased by 40 million hectares compared with 2005, and the forest stock volume increased by 1.3 billion cubic meters compared with 2005. This also means that China's energy conservation and emission reduction will continue to increase in the future.
“At present, the energy consumption per unit of GDP in Guangdong has been at a very low level in the country, and it is very difficult to continue to decline.†Professor Xu Zhengchun, dean of the College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, pointed out that “the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Guangdong has been shut down and eliminated. Most of the backward production capacity of steel, cement, small thermal power, etc., and the elimination of backward production capacity to achieve energy-saving emission reduction has little potential to be tapped. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, Guangdong should reduce energy consumption and only accelerate the development of low-carbon economy. , relying on technological innovation and technological progress."
It can be imagined that Guangdong's enthusiasm for a low-carbon economy has both long-term plans and realistic needs. This is not fashionable, but necessary.
For Guangdong and Shenzhen to be among the first national low-carbon pilots, Chen Xiaoyang believes that it is a matter of course: "This is not only a question of whether you want to want it, but also a question of whether it can be. Guangdong is a pioneering area for reform and opening up, and the industry is generally better than other provinces. Conducive to the development of new energy industries, the development of energy-saving emission reduction technology."
At present, how is the specific progress of the low-carbon economy pilot in Guangdong? The relevant staff of the Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Commission said that the current pilot program is under study and formulation, and it needs to be approved by the Guangdong Provincial Government and approved by the National Development and Reform Commission.
The relevant staff of the Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission said that Shenzhen is organizing the development of medium- and long-term planning for low-carbon economic development and studying the policy and indicator system for the development of low-carbon economy. What attracts people's attention is that Shenzhen will explore and formulate laws and regulations for the development of low-carbon economy in Shenzhen from the perspective of SAR legislation, industrial policy, fiscal policy, and land policy. Conduct carbon pre-tax research and encourage financial and insurance companies. Actively carry out carbon finance (credit) and insurance business; formulate "Low-carbon procurement catalogue", stipulates that government procurement is inclined to low-carbon products, encourages enterprises to give preference to low-carbon products; revised "Industry-oriented catalogue" to guide low-carbon economy from industrial sources development of".
Attempt of EMC mode
In 2008, the global financial crisis caused many small and medium-sized enterprises to be guilty of selling products. In Dongguan, Qinshang Optoelectronics found a new way through the contract energy management mechanism (EMC).
EMC is a new energy-saving mechanism based on market operation that began to develop in western developed countries in the 1970s. The essence is an energy-saving investment method that pays the full cost of energy-saving projects with reduced energy costs. Qinshang Optoelectronics passed the EMC model, and the sales target borrowed from the bank to purchase the LED street lights of Qinshang Optoelectronics. The lenders will then divide the quarters or points in the next few years by up to 60% to 70% of the electricity and maintenance fees saved each year. Annual repayment of bank loans.
“Dongguan towns use the LED lighting of Qinshang Optoelectronics on new roads. The government finances only need to take 20% to 30% of the funds first. The rest can use the buyer’s credit method, and the bank loans will be paid by the bank for 5 to 7 years. The electricity expenses from the province will be used to repay the loan.†Zhu Bingzhong, deputy general manager of Qinshang Optoelectronics introduced. This is a three-pronged model. The sales target does not need to pay for the energy saving and emission reduction. The bank obtains low-risk financial services like mortgage-based mortgages, and the company sells products. It is understood that there are several hundred million annual sales of Qinshang Optoelectronics. Among them, the revenue from operating in EMC mode accounts for 20% to 30% of the total revenue.
Just as Qinshang Optoelectronics was in full swing with the EMC model, a bolder EMC alliance surfaced in Guangdong.
On December 28, 2009, the first industrial investment fund in Guangdong, which combines science and technology finance, Guangdong Green Industry Investment Fund was established in Guangdong. The fund's start-up fund is composed of the government's 50 million yuan guiding funds and 4.95 billion yuan of social funds. At the same time, China Everbright Bank credited 20 billion yuan, with a total scale of 25 billion yuan. The fund will fully invest in the energy conservation and emission reduction projects in Guangdong Province, and establish an EMC alliance to ensure the smooth implementation of green lighting and energy conservation and emission reduction projects invested by the fund.
It is understood that the EMC model has entered China for many years, but this popular foreign energy-saving transformation model has not been carried out well in China. One of the most important reasons is financing difficulties. A single energy service company is often unsustainable due to lack of financing support.
The Guangdong Green Industry Investment Fund, which was initiated by the Guangdong Provincial Government and the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department, is aimed at these issues and has attracted a large number of social funds. Through the use of fund capital aggregation and investment amplification functions, it provides direct investment and financing services for energy conservation, emission reduction and new energy enterprise projects.
"The EMC Alliance is different from the traditional industry alliance in that it includes energy-saving equipment manufacturers, energy-saving equipment raw material suppliers, financial institutions, insurance institutions, testing institutions, construction engineering companies, design companies, leasing companies, and lawyers. The industry has formed a complete closed loop," said Li Xuefeng, chairman of the Guangdong Green Industry Investment Fund.
Shortly after the birth of the Guangdong Green Industry Investment Fund EMC Alliance, Qinshang Optoelectronics became a product supplier to cooperate with it, which made Qinshang Optoelectronics very excited. Because as one of the alliance suppliers, Qinshang Optoelectronics orders are wider, and it is also more convenient and economical to use the upstream and downstream packages in the alliance.
The emergence of the Guangdong Green Industry Investment Fund EMC Alliance is undoubtedly a boon for many LED optoelectronic enterprises and government departments in Guangdong.
There are more than 2,000 enterprises involved in the LED optoelectronic industry in Guangdong. Up to now, 13 cities (districts) in Guangdong Province have applied for “green lighting demonstration citiesâ€, and the first batch will have more than 600,000 street lamps to receive energy-saving renovation. It is estimated that in the next three to five years, Guangdong Province will have 5 million LED energy-saving street lamps put into use, which can contribute 3% to 5% of emission reduction targets each year.
Force carbon emissions trading
In the first half of this year, the Guangzhou Equity Exchange, the Guangzhou Environmental Resources Exchange and the Zhanjiang State-owned Assets Property Rights Exchange Center jointly organized and implemented the 10 fiber factories in Guangdong Province in the process of sisal processing. The slag and slag water were successfully transferred through the open market. The transaction price reached 160 million yuan (9-year period), which was 133 million yuan more than the entrusted reserve price of 29 million yuan. The value-added rate was as high as 452%.
This is the largest environmental resource transaction project successfully implemented by the Guangzhou Environmental Resources Exchange through the Guangzhou Commonwealth Trading Common Market Platform since its establishment in June 2009. It also shows that Guangdong has already established a carbon emission trading platform. condition.
"It is not enough to develop a low-carbon economy by relying on the government's administrative means. It is necessary to establish a carbon emissions trading system. Using market mechanisms and using the market platform of property rights trading institutions to achieve linkage between government, enterprises and markets can solve the problem of resource flows. Sexual issues, optimize the allocation of resources." Li Zhengxi, president of Guangzhou Equity Exchange and Guangzhou Environmental Resources Exchange, said.
According to the World Bank’s June report, the market value of the global carbon market last year was $144 billion, and the market potential is huge.
It is understood that at present, more than 10 environmental trading institutions including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Wuhan and other places have been established in China, and they are actively exploring carbon emissions trading.
A person from the Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission said that Shenzhen is studying the inclusion of carbon emissions as one of the binding indicators in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for national economic and social development, and establishing and improving greenhouse gas emissions census, statistics, monitoring, evaluation and The assessment system considers the advantage of using the market mechanism to be more flexible, and uses the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as a platform to explore the carbon trading model.
Li Zhengxi pointed out that the low-carbon pilot provides a good policy signal for Guangdong to explore carbon trading, but it still has a long way to go to truly establish a carbon trading system that is in line with international standards. "At present, although more than 10 environmental trading institutions have been established in China, no real carbon emissions trading has been carried out. As the second largest carbon emitter in the world after the United States, China's carbon dioxide emission rights total control index system and The reserve and trading system has not yet been established, and the statistics, monitoring and assessment methods for key emission areas have not yet been introduced, which directly leads to China's lack of a complete carbon trading platform."
"Carbon trading involves carbon trading policies, trading platforms, government and enterprise participation models, interest distribution, project certification, technical standards and other aspects of the problem, and it takes a long time to explore." Xu Zhengchun believes.
At the time when the pilot work is about to be officially launched, Chen Xiaoyang suggested that Guangdong should carry out small-scale carbon trading pilots in certain industries and regions, such as pilots with large carbon emissions in thermal power plants, chemical plants and refineries. Enforce the company to assume certain responsibility for emission reduction. In the pilot process, we should focus on the mechanisms, institutions, participation models, distribution, and baselines involved in carbon trading.
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